8 public questions tagged with this topic.
Fourth ionization enthalpy is highest for C (removing an electron from C³⁺ with 1s²) due to its small size and stable configuration, compared to Si, Ge, or Sn.
Ref: NCERT Class 11 Chemistry > Chapter 3: Classification of Elements and Periodicity in Properties > Topic: Periodic Trends - Atomic Radii Ionic Radii and Ionization Enthalpy
Bond strength in group 14 monoxides (XO) decreases down the group due to weaker orbital overlap. CO (triple bond) has the highest bond strength compared to SiO, GeO, or SnO.
Ref: NCERT Class 11 Chemistry > Chapter 3: Classification of Elements and Periodicity in Properties > Topic: Periodic Trends - Atomic Radii Ionic Radii and Ionization Enthalpy
Melting point in group 14 decreases from C (covalent network) to Sn and Pb (metallic), with Sn having the lowest among C, Si, Ge, and Sn due to weaker metallic bonding.
Ref: NCERT Class 11 Chemistry > Chapter 3: Classification of Elements and Periodicity in Properties > Topic: Periodic Trends - Atomic Radii Ionic Radii and Ionization Enthalpy
Bond energy in XO₂ decreases down group 14 due to weaker orbital overlap. CO₂ (C=O) has the highest bond energy compared to SiO₂, GeO₂, or SnO₂.
Ref: NCERT Class 11 Chemistry > Chapter 3: Classification of Elements and Periodicity in Properties > Topic: Nomenclature of Elements with Atomic Number >100
Boiling point of group 14 tetrachlorides (XCl₄) increases with molecular weight due to stronger London forces. SnCl₄ (Sn, heaviest) has the highest boiling point among C, Si, Ge, and Sn.
Ref: NCERT Class 11 Chemistry > Chapter 3: Classification of Elements and Periodicity in Properties > Topic: Nomenclature of Elements with Atomic Number >100
In group 14, Ge is a metalloid, while C (non-metal), Sn (metal), and Pb (metal) are not.
Ref: NCERT Class 11 Chemistry > Chapter 3: Classification of Elements and Periodicity in Properties > Topic: Modern Periodic Law and Present Form - Long Form Periodic Table
Smaller size and higher electronegativity favor pi-bonding in group 14. C (period 2) forms pi-bonds (e.g., in C₂H₄) more readily than Si, Ge, or Sn due to effective 2p orbital overlap.
Ref: NCERT Class 11 Chemistry > Chapter 3: Classification of Elements and Periodicity in Properties > Topic: Electron Gain Enthalpy and Electronegativity and Valency
Catenation (self-linking) is strongest for C due to its small size and strong C-C bond energy, far exceeding Si, Ge, or Sn in group 14.
Ref: NCERT Class 11 Chemistry > Chapter 3: Classification of Elements and Periodicity in Properties > Topic: Anomalous Properties and Second Period and Chemical Reactivity
