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#glucose transport

7 public questions tagged with this topic.

Membrane Transportation

Which of the following describes SGLT2?

Sodium glucose cotransporters SGLT1 SLC5A1 and SGLT2 SLC5A2 are secondary active members using sodium gradient but differ in location, affinity and role. SGLT1 expressed predominantly in apical brush border of small intestine enterocytes and early kidney proximal tubule S3 is high-affinity low-capacity with 2 Na+ to 1 glucose stoichiometry handling dietary glucose and galactose absorption and some glucose reabsorption. SGLT2 localized exclusively in S1 and S2 segments of proximal tubule is low-affinity high-capacity with 1 Na+ to 1 glucose stoichiometry accounting for roughly 90 percent renal

Ref: Wright et al., Physiol Rev 2011, SGLT1 vs SGLT2 distribution and physiology.

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Membrane Transportation

Which type of transport does SGLT1 use?

SGLT1, SLC5A1, is apical sodium-glucose cotransporter highly expressed in brush border of small intestinal enterocytes and S3 segment of kidney proximal tubule. It operates as secondary active transporter, not primary ATPase nor simple facilitator. Stoichiometry of two Na+ to one glucose allows accumulation of glucose against its concentration gradient using electrochemical sodium gradient established by basolateral Na+/K+ ATPase that maintains low intracellular Na+. Transport follows alternating access mechanism: outward-open binds Na+ increasing glucose affinity, sugar binding triggers outwa

Ref: Wright et al., Physiol Rev 2011, Sodium-glucose cotransporters SLC5 family.

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Membrane Transportation

Which GLUT transporter has the lowest affinity for glucose?

GLUT isoforms display divergent Michaelis constants reflecting tissue metabolic roles and sensing. GLUT2 product of SLC2A2 on 3q26 expressed strongly in hepatocyte sinusoidal membrane pancreatic beta cell plasma membrane intestinal basolateral side and kidney tubule exhibits unusually high Km fifteen to twenty millimolar for glucose also transporting fructose galactose low affinity corresponding to lowest affinity among transporters. This high Km enables effective glucose sensor rather than supply line where rate varies roughly linearly across physiological plasma glucose three to fifteen mill

Ref: Thorens, Molecular Aspects of Medicine 2015: GLUT2 – Low Affinity Sensor Transporter.

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Membrane Transportation

What happens to glucose transport in GLUT1-deficient cells?

GLUT1 encoded by SLC2A1 on 1p34 is prototype basal transporter responsible for constitutive glucose uptake in erythrocytes where it comprises about five percent of membrane protein, endothelial cells of blood-brain and retinal barriers, astrocytes and fetal tissues requiring continuous supply. It functions as twelve transmembrane uniporter via alternating access low Km 1-2 mM ensuring efficient transport even at low plasma glucose near three millimolar during fasting delivering substrate for glycolysis and pentose phosphate producing NADPH. Genetic haploinsufficiency from heterozygous missense

Ref: Seidner et al., Nature Genetics 1998: GLUT1 Deficiency – Reduced Glucose Uptake.

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Membrane Transportation

Which type of transport is used by the GLUT4 transporter?

Facilitative GLUT transporters use alternating access without ion coupling. GLUT4 encoded by SLC2A4 is insulin-responsive isoform in skeletal, cardiac muscle and adipose, handling major postprandial glucose disposal. In basal fasting state most GLUT4 sequestered in storage vesicles containing IRAP, sortilin, LRP1 and VAMP2 retained by TUG tether and AS160 GAP keeping Rabs GDP-bound. Insulin triggers receptor tyrosine autophosphorylation, IRS recruitment, PI3K activation producing PIP3 recruiting Akt2 which phosphorylates AS160 relieving Rab8A, Rab10, Rab14 inhibition, mobilizing vesicles along

Ref: Alberts et al., Molecular Biology of the Cell, 6th ed., Chapter 11: GLUT4 and Facilitated Diffusion.

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Membrane Transportation

The transport of glucose into intestinal epithelial cells via SGLT1 is an example of:

Intestinal glucose absorption across absorptive enterocytes lining duodenum and jejunum illustrates elegant coupling of electrochemical gradients for nutrient uptake against concentration difference. Luminal sodium concentration remains high around 140 millimolar due to continuous activity of Na+/K+ ATPase on basolateral membrane pumping three Na+ out and two K+ in per ATP hydrolyzed, creating inward sodium electrochemical gradient with both chemical and electrical components. Sodium glucose cotransporter 1, SGLT1, SLC5A1 gene, located apically in brush border with fourteen transmembrane segme

Ref: Wright et al., Physiology Reviews 2011: Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter SGLT1 – Secondary Active Transport.

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Excretory System

Exit of glucose from PCT cells into blood occurs through:

Correct option is B, GLUT transporter. In Excretory System, the accurate description is GLUT transporter, and that is what you should commit to memory. Keep the definition tight and the role clear — GLUT transporter is the option that correctly names the structure, process, or principle asked for in Excretory System. Then GLUT transporter is the answer you can defend. Check yourself by covering the options and writing the answer first, then matching the letter — that builds confidence. If the wording feels dense, translate it into everyday language first, then map that plain sentence back onto

Ref: Animal physiology is Unit 7 of the CSIR NET Life Science Syllabus, covering core body systems. It accounts for roughly 10% of the total marks in Sections B and C.

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