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The expected genotypic ratio in a monohybrid cross (F2 generation) is 1:2:1 (homozygous dominant: heterozygous: homozygous recessive).
Ref: NCERT Class 12 Biology Chapter 4: Principles of Inheritance and Variation Monohybrid Dihybrid and Test Cross
The genotypic ratio of a monohybrid cross (F2 generation) is 1:2:1 (homozygous dominant: heterozygous: homozygous recessive).
Ref: NCERT Class 12 Biology Chapter 4: Principles of Inheritance and Variation Monohybrid Dihybrid and Test Cross
F2 generation of monohybrid cross Tt by Tt arises from fusion of two gamete types per parent. Four fertilization combinations produce TT once, Tt twice counting both reciprocal fusions, and tt once. Distinguishable genotypic proportions are therefore 1 TT to 2 Tt to 1 tt, genotypic ratio 1:2:1. Phenotypic ratio under dominant expression collapses to 3:1, 1:1 describes test cross, 9:3:3:1 dihybrid, accurate genotypic array reflects equal segregation of alleles and random union maintaining Mendelian expectations. This principle is routinely tested in NEET, CBSE 11-12, CUET, CSIR-NET, GATE and MS
Ref: Griffiths et al., Introduction to Genetic Analysis, 12th ed., Chapter 2: Genotypic Ratio 1:2:1
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