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#genetic uniformity

3 public questions tagged with this topic.

Plant tissue culture 1

Meristem culture is mainly used to produce:

Meristem culture technique involves aseptic excision of apical dome typically 0.1-0.5 millimeter containing tunica corpus but no differentiated leaf primordia and culture on MS based medium for regenerating plants principally to obtain virus free stocks. Foundation lies in observation that meristematic dome lacks differentiated vascular sieve elements through which many systemic viruses like Potato Virus Y, Tobacco Mosaic Virus, Cucumber Mosaic Virus travel long distance and also that rapid mitotic activity outpaces viral replication. High endogenous auxin and cytokinin concentration plus RNA

Ref: Bhojwani & Dantu Chap. 11 virus elimination; Walkey 1978 Phytopath Z.

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Plant Breeding 4

Main advantage of DH in breeding is:

Primary bottleneck in conventional line breeding is time required to attain homozygosity through repeated selfing, typically six generations to reach acceptable uniformity and distinctness for release. Doubled haploid technology converts heterozygous material into completely homozygous lines immediately, compressing 5-6 year inbreeding cycle into less than 18 months including haploid induction and doubling steps. Haploid inducer lines or anther culture produce haploid embryos, chromosome doubling yields instant true-breeding lines that can be multiplied for yield trials in next season with hig

Ref: Geiger HH & Gordillo GA. 2009 Plant Breeding Reviews – DH rapid homozygosity; Weyen 2008 J

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Plant Breeding 3

An advantage of clonal selection is:

Since clonal propagation involves mitotic division copying entire genome without meiosis, heterozygous advantage, epistatic interactions, and allelic combinations that produce superior performance are perpetuated unchanged across commercial plantations. Once elite genotype is identified from seedling population or mutation screening, it can be multiplied rapidly via cuttings, grafts, or in vitro micropropagation to produce millions of identical plants within year, bypassing slow seed multiplication and avoiding segregation that would break favorable gene complexes. This captures non-additive g

Ref: Bradshaw JE. Potato clonal selection advantages. Acquaah Chapter 18 – fixing heterozygous genotype

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