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The hepatic portal system transports blood rich in nutrients from the intestine to the liver for metabolism. This follows from NCERT principle where relation explains outcome clearly for students.
Ref: NCERT Biology Textbook for Class XI and XII (Zoology section), Chapter: Biology - Zoology portion covering relevant system and function, Topic: Structural organization and physiology.
Amphibians like frogs use cutaneous respiration, where gas exchange occurs through their moist skin in addition to lungs. This follows from NCERT principle where relation explains outcome clearly for students.
Ref: NCERT Biology Textbook for Class XI and XII (Zoology section), Chapter: Biology - Zoology portion covering relevant system and function, Topic: Structural organization and physiology.
Toads typically differ from frogs within Anura family Bufonidae via dry rough thickened keratinized skin heavily tuberculated with warty protuberances and prominent paired parotoid glands behind eyes secreting milky bufotoxins steroidal alkaloids providing chemical defence, adaptation reducing evaporative water loss reflecting more terrestrial habit away from permanent water. Legs relatively short suited for walking rather than prolonged jumping, extensive webbing reduced. Frogs generally possess smooth moist thin highly vascular skin favoring cutaneous respiration, long hindlimbs for saltatio
Ref: Campbell Biology 12th ed. Chapter 34 Anuran Differentiation; NCERT Class 11 Chapter 4 Frog vs Toad
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