Which invention is credited to Patrick O. Brown?
Patrick O. Brown, at Stanford University, introduced the concept of printing defined DNAs onto glass slides via robotic spotting in 1995. His laboratory demonstrated that differently labeled cDNAs from two samples could competitively hybridize to such arrays to quantify differential gene expression genome-wide. This innovation founded modern transcriptomics, enabling simultaneous monitoring of thousands of genes, shifting paradigm from single-gene northern blots. Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization, RNA sequencing, and CGH were developed by different groups focusing on cytogenetics and sequencing, not array-based expression profiling credited to Brown.
Ref: NCERT Biology Class XII Principles on Klenow fill-in labeling, Lehninger Chapter 9 DNA cloning techniques, and Molecular Cloning by Sambrook Chapter 10 documenting end-labeling of cohesive termini.