Two parallel wires \( 0.08 \, \text{m} \) apart carry currents of \( 5 \, \text{A} \) and \( 3 \, \text{A} \) in the sam
**Magnetic moment of loop** m = N I A (A·m²), potential energy U = -m·B = -N I A B cosθ, torque tends to align m with B. For square side 0.18 m, A = 0.0324 m², N=30, I=2 A, B=0.4 T, θ=60°, τ =30×2×0.0324×0.4×sin60° =0.7776×0.866=0.673 N·m, illustrating large torque for modest parameters. Force per unit length f = (μ₀ I₁ I₂/2 π d) . f = (4 π × 10⁻⁷ × 5 × 3/2 π × 0.08) = (60 × 10⁻⁷/0.16) = 3.75 × 10⁻⁶ N/m . Using F = q v B sinθ, F = I l B sinθ, B = μ₀ I/(2π
Ref: NCERT > Physics Book > Moving Charge and Magnetism > Torque on Current Loop, Magnetic Moment and Galvanometer