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Paul Ehrlich's rivet popper hypothesis explains that gradual loss of species weakens ecosystem functioning, much like removing rivets weakens an aircraft.
Ref: NCERT Class 12 Biology Chapter 13: Biodiversity and Conservation Patterns of Biodiversity - Latitudinal Gradients
The idiosyncratic hypothesis treats ecosystem performance as dependent on which species are present and how they interact, not as a smooth function of species number. Adding a species may increase productivity through complementarity, reduce it through competition, or produce little change if its role overlaps with existing organisms. Consequently, function can rise, fall, or fluctuate as richness changes, generating an unpredictable relationship. This contrasts with the redundancy model, in which several species share functional roles and initial losses have little effect; the rivet model, in
Ref: NCERT Biology Class 12, Ch. 15 Biodiversity and Conservation
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