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#Balanoglossus

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Respiration in Balanoglossus occurs through

Balanoglossus is burrowing enteropneust hemichordate inhabiting intertidal mudflats forming U-shaped mucus-lined tubes. Anterior trunk pharynx bears paired dorsolateral gill pores, up to 100 pairs, each comprising gill slit opening to exterior via branchial sac, similar to chordate pharyngeal slits. Ciliary current drives water from mouth through pharynx, exiting via slits, trapping food particles in mucus and allowing diffusion of oxygen across vascularized branchial lamellae. No tracheae, lungs or specialized skin respiration occur. Slit number increases during growth, illustrating respirato

Ref: NCERT Class 11 Biology, Chapter 4: Hemichordata – Balanoglossus; Campbell Biology, 12th ed., Chapter 34