The separation of homologous chromosomes occurs in:
Segregation patterns distinguish meiosis from mitosis through reductional division where homologous chromosomes rather than sister chromatids separate. After S phase, each chromosome consists of two sisters held by cohesin containing meiosis-specific kleisin Rec8. During prophase I homologs pair and cross over forming bivalents. At metaphase I, homologous kinetochores achieve bipolar attachment but sister kinetochores exhibit monopolar orientation mediated by monopolin complex in yeast and fused geometry plus MEIKIN-MoA1 in mammals, causing both sisters of each homolog to attach to same pole.
Ref: Petronczki et al., Cell 2003, Meiotic Homolog Separation. Alberts 7th ed., Chapter 21, Meiosis I.
