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#amino acid synthesis

4 public questions tagged with this topic.

Transgenic Plant -1

The shikimate pathway is involved in synthesis of:

Shikimate pathway bridges central metabolism and aromatic compound biosynthesis unique to plants, fungi, and bacteria, absent in animals. Starting substrates phosphoenolpyruvate from glycolysis and erythrose-4-phosphate from pentose phosphate pathway undergo condensation by DAHP synthase initiating seven enzymatic steps producing 3-dehydroquinate, dehydroshikimate, shikimate, shikimate-3-phosphate, EPSP, and chorismate. Chorismate branches to prephenate leading to phenylalanine and tyrosine via arogenate pathway, and to anthranilate leading to tryptophan. Aromatic amino acids contribute to pro

Ref: Herrmann & Weaver Annu Rev Plant Physiol 1999 shikimate pathway; NCBI NBK22426; Taiz & Zeiger Ch 13; https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK22426/

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Eukaryotes gene regulation

Pyrrolysine is synthesized from

Pyrrolysine biosynthesis begins with two molecules of L-lysine, confirmed by isotopic labeling tracking carbon skeletons and nitrogen atoms into product. Pathway employs radical SAM chemistry to rearrange carbon chain. One lysine converted via PylB to methyl-ornithine retaining backbone, second lysine provides side-chain amine forming isopeptide linkage catalyzed by PylC ligase. Final cyclization and oxidation by PylD yields pyrroline heterocycle fused to lysine. This route ensures direct link to abundant lysine pool, avoiding complex precursors, explaining why lysine auxotrophs cannot produce

Ref: Lodish et al., Molecular Cell Biology, 9th ed., Chapter 3: Pyrrolysine Biosynthesis from Lysine Precursors

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