Practice question

Most Toll-like receptors signal through the adaptor MyD88, which recruits IRAK kinases and ultimately activates NF-κB and MAP kinases. TLR3 and the endosomal form of TLR4 instead use the adaptor TRIF to activate IRF3 and type-I interferon production. The choice of adaptor therefore determines the balance between inflammatory and antiviral transcriptional programs.