10 public questions tagged with this topic.
Crossing over during meiosis leads to genetic recombination and variation among offspring. This follows from NCERT principle where the relation explains the outcome clearly for students in simple steps.
Ref: NCERT Biology Textbook for Class XI and XII (Botany section), Chapter: Morphology and Anatomy of Flowering Plants, Topic: Plant structure and tissue systems.
Vegetative propagation defined strictly as formation of new plant from somatic organ outside sexual process: bulb comprised of fleshy scale leaves enclosing short stem as in onion and garlic, corm solid compressed stem storing starch in gladiolus, tuber swollen underground stem with axillary buds eyes in potato, rhizome horizontal stem with nodes in ginger, runner stolon in strawberry. These structures originate from meristem and carry preformed buds capable of sprouting under favorable moisture. Seeds, in contrast, derive from double fertilization event where one sperm fertilizes egg forming
Ref: Hartmann & Kester Principles vegetative vs seed; NCERT Class XII Vegetative Propagation; ICAR Handbook.
Meiosis reduces the chromosome number by half and ensures genetic variation in sexually reproducing organisms.
Ref: NCERT Class 11 Biology Chapter 10: Cell Cycle and Cell Division Mitosis - Cytokinesis and Significance
Anisogamy involves the fusion of gametes that are different in size or form but functionally similar.
Ref: NCERT Class 11 Biology Chapter 3: Plant Kingdom Plant Kingdom - Comparative Studies and Economic Importance
Fungal sexual reproduction involves plasmogamy, or fusion of protoplasms; karyogamy, or fusion of nuclei; and meiosis in the zygote, which produces haploid spores.
Ref: NCERT Class 11 Biology Chapter 2: Biological Classification Fungi - Deuteromycetes and Economic Importance
The fungal sexual cycle involves plasmogamy, the fusion of protoplasms; karyogamy, the fusion of nuclei; and meiosis in the zygote, which produces haploid spores.
Ref: NCERT Class 11 Biology Chapter 2: Biological Classification Bacteria - Structure and Economic Importance
Protists reproduce both asexually and sexually. Their sexual reproduction involves cell fusion followed by the formation of a zygote.
Ref: NCERT Class 11 Biology Chapter 2: Biological Classification Bacteria - Structure and Economic Importance
Kingdom Protista includes single-celled eukaryotes with well-defined nuclei and membrane-bound organelles. Sexual reproduction in protists involves cell fusion followed by the formation of a zygote.
Ref: NCERT Class 11 Biology Chapter 2: Biological Classification Kingdom Monera - Archaebacteria and Eubacteria
Both sexual and asexual strategies occur widely demonstrating evolutionary flexibility: Cnidaria reproduce asexually by budding, fission, pedal laceration and stolon extension while medusae and polyps release gametes sexually, showing generational alternation metagenesis. Ctenophora hermaphroditic individuals broadcast gametes but some benthic platyctenids undergo fragmentation and dissogony where larva matures precociously reproducing before adult form. Rotifera exhibit heterogonic cycle with amictic parthenogenesis producing diploid females rapidly colonizing, mictic sexual phase yielding ha
Ref: NCERT Class 11 Biology, Chapter 4: Asexual and sexual reproduction Cnidaria Ctenophora Rotifera
Plasmodium species causing malaria exhibit heteroxenous life cycle requiring vertebrate intermediate host and invertebrate definitive host. Asexual schizogony occurs in human liver and erythrocytes causing disease manifestations. Sexual phase begins with gametocyte formation ingested during blood meal by female Anopheles mosquito; within midgut gametes fuse forming diploid zygote developing into motile ookinete penetrating epithelium forming oocyst undergoing sporogony producing haploid sporozoites migrating to salivary glands for reinfection. Fertilization and meiosis completion occurs in mos
Ref: CDC Malaria sexual reproduction Anopheles mosquito; Tortora life cycle Plasmodium definitive host female Anopheles sporogony
