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#palmitoylation

2 public questions tagged with this topic.

Lipid Link Protein

Why does palmitoylation enhance membrane association?

Increasing membrane residence time via acylation leverages hydrophobic insertion energy of long chain fatty acid. S-palmitoylation attaches sixteen-carbon saturated palmitate from palmitoyl-CoA donor to cysteine thiol via thioester bond catalyzed by twenty three mammalian Asp-His-His-Cys palmitoyl acyltransferases resident in endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi and plasma membrane, reversible by cytosolic acyl-protein thioesterases APT1, APT2 and ABHD17 family enabling dynamic cycling within minutes to hours responsive to neuronal activity and growth factor signaling. Added acyl chain raises partitio

Ref: Linder and Deschenes, Protein Palmitoylation and Membrane Targeting, Nature Reviews Mol Cell Biol 2007.

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Lipid Link Protein

Which of the following lipid modifications involves thioether bond formation?

Lipid modifications differ in chemistry of linkage and reversibility. N-myristoylation forms amide bond between myristate and N-terminal glycine co-translationally irreversible, palmitoylation forms thioester between 16-carbon palmitate and cysteine thiol reversibly cleaved by acyl protein thioesterases, GPI anchoring forms amide between ethanolamine phosphate and C-terminus plus glycosidic linkages to inositol phospholipid. Prenylation, either farnesylation 15-carbon or geranylgeranylation 20-carbon, occurs at C-terminal CAAX motif where X determines farnesyl vs geranylgeranyl transferase spe

Ref: Wang & Casey, Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2016, Protein prenylation and thioether linkage.

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