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#metaphase

22 public questions tagged with this topic.

BOTANY

Which of the following is incorrect about metaphase?

Sister chromatids do not separate in metaphase; they separate during anaphase. This follows from latest NCERT 2026-27 principle explaining the concept clearly for NEET students in simple steps as per rationalized syllabus.

Ref: NCERT Biology Textbook - Latest Edition for Academic Session 2026-27 (Botany section, Rationalized Textbook for Class XI and XII), Chapter: Biology - Botany portion (Latest NCERT Textbooks for Academic Session 2026-27 -

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BOTANY

Which of the following statements about metaphase is incorrect?

During metaphase, the nuclear membrane remains absent; it reforms during telophase. This follows from NCERT principle where relation explains outcome clearly for students.

Ref: NCERT Biology Textbook for Class XI and XII (Botany section), Chapter: Biology - Botany portion covering relevant concept, Topic: Plant structure, physiology and applications.

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BOTANY

At which stage of mitosis do chromosomes align at the nter of the ll?

During metaphase, chromosomes align at the metaphase plate, preparing for equal distribution to daughter lls. This follows from NCERT principle where the relation explains the outcome clearly for students in simple steps.

Ref: NCERT Biology Textbook for Class XI and XII (Botany section), Chapter: Morphology and Anatomy of Flowering Plants, Topic: Plant structure and tissue systems.

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Cell Division

Which phase of mitosis is characterized by alignment of chromosomes at the metaphase plate?

Metaphase defined by alignment of condensed chromosomes along equatorial plate equidistant between spindle poles is visually hallmark of mitosis used for karyotyping. Following prometaphase, chromosomes undergo congression driven by opposing forces: CENP-E plus-end-directed kinesin transporting chromosomes toward plate, and dynein mediated poleward force, plus dynamic instability of microtubules causing oscillations. Correct amphitelic attachment where sister kinetochores bind microtubule bundles emanating from opposite centrosomes generates tension across centromere stretching inter-kinetocho

Ref: Alberts et al., Molecular Biology of the Cell, 7th ed., Chapter 17, Metaphase Alignment Mechanisms.

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Cell Cycle Regulation

Which regulatory factor is crucial for the metaphase-to-anaphase transition?

Metaphase to anaphase transition represents irreversible commitment executed by APC/C bound to Cdc20 coactivator. Throughout prometaphase chromosomes attach via kinetochores, generating unattached kinetochore signal converting Mad2 to active inhibitor forming mitotic checkpoint complex with BubR1, Bub3, and Cdc20 that binds APC/C core to block E2 recruitment. Upon achievement of biorientation of all chromosomes and establishment of tension, checkpoint protein recruitment stops, complex disassembles, and free Cdc20 associates with phosphorylated APC/C previously primed by CDK1 and Plk1. Active

Ref: Peters et al., Cell 1998, APC/C Regulation. Musacchio, Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2011, Anaphase.

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Cell Cycle Regulation

The metaphase-to-anaphase transition is triggered by:

The metaphase to anaphase transition is irreversible decision point governed by ubiquitin dependent proteolysis. When every chromosome achieves amphitelic kinetochore-microtubule attachment generating inter-kinetochore tension, spindle assembly checkpoint signaling through MCC production ceases. Dynein-mediated stripping of Mad1-Mad2 from kinetochores and p31comet-TRIP13 catalyzed MCC disassembly liberate coactivator Cdc20, enabling APC/C-Cdc20 ligase activation. Active APC/C polyubiquitinates securin via destruction box motif and cyclin B via D-box for rapid degradation by 26S proteasome. Sec

Ref: Peters, Anaphase Promoting Complex Orchestrating Metaphase-Anaphase Transition, Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2006; Alberts et al., Chapter 18, Anaphase.

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