A capacitor is charged such that the electric flux through a surface between the plates changes at a rate of \( 5 \times
**Momentum of EM wave** p = U/c, U energy, radiation pressure exerts force F = I A/c, small but measurable, comet tail pushed by sunlight, solar sail concept. For E₀=45 V/m, B₀=1.5×10⁻⁷ T, intensity I =0.5×3×10⁸×8.85×10⁻¹²×45²≈2.69 W/m². Displacement current i_d = ε₀ (d Φ_E/dt) . Substituting the values, i_d = (8.85 × 10⁻¹²) × (5 × 10¹⁰) = 0.4425 A . Using c = fλ, E₀/B₀ = c, I_d = ε₀ dΦ_E/dt, and spectrum classification λ = c/f, evaluation yields 0.4425 A, illustrating EM wave transverse nature and Maxwell's displacement current concept.
Ref: NCERT > Physics Book > Electromagnetic Waves > Energy, Intensity and Momentum of EM Waves