Biomass accumulation at lower trophic levels in top-down control is directly influenced by:
“Higher trophic level predation” for biomass accumulation at lower trophic levels in top-down control is directly influenced by. This relationship follows from the ecological mechanism represented by the terms in the item, not merely from an association between their names. Rates depend on temperature, moisture, substrate quality, consumer physiology, and the elemental balance between organisms and their food. These controls explain why the same process can differ among terrestrial, freshwater, and marine systems without changing its definition. The remaining alternatives—“Nutrient availabilit
Ref: Fundamentals of Ecology, Odum & Barrett, 5th Ed., Ch. 4