Skip to content

#inverted pyramid

7 public questions tagged with this topic.

In which ecosystem can the pyramid of numbers be inverted?

A forest can display an inverted or spindle-shaped pyramid of numbers because a small number of large trees support many herbivorous insects, birds, epiphytes, and parasites. Counting individuals ignores body size, so one massive producer may sustain thousands of much smaller consumers. Higher predator levels may again contain fewer individuals, creating a spindle profile rather than a simple monotonic inversion. This does not violate energetic constraints: producer biomass and production can still exceed the energy transferred to consumers. Higher trophic levels are often vulnerable because l

Ref: Fundamentals of Ecology, Odum & Barrett, 5th Ed., Ch. 3