7 public questions tagged with this topic.
The fungus belongs to Ascomycetes, or sac fungi. Conidia are produced externally on conidiophores, whereas sexual ascospores are produced internally inside sac-like asci.
Ref: NCERT Class 11 Biology Chapter 2: Biological Classification Fungi - Phycomycetes Ascomycetes Basidiomycetes
The fungus belongs to Ascomycetes, commonly called sac fungi. Their asexual conidia are produced externally on conidiophores, whereas sexual ascospores are formed inside sac-like asci.
Ref: NCERT Class 11 Biology Chapter 2: Biological Classification Fungi - Phycomycetes Ascomycetes Basidiomycetes
Deuteromycetes include fungi for which only the asexual or vegetative stages are known. When the sexual stage is discovered and its relationship is established, the fungus is moved to the appropriate fungal class, often Ascomycetes or Basidiomycetes.
Ref: NCERT Class 11 Biology Chapter 2: Biological Classification Fungi - Phycomycetes Ascomycetes Basidiomycetes
The fungus belongs to Ascomycetes. Its asexual conidia are produced exogenously on conidiophores, while sexual ascospores are produced endogenously inside sac-like asci. The asci are arranged in ascocarps.
Ref: NCERT Class 11 Biology Chapter 2: Biological Classification Fungi - Phycomycetes Ascomycetes Basidiomycetes
Most deuteromycetes propagate asexually through conidia, non-motile mitosporic propagules produced exogenously on differentiated hyphae termed conidiophores through blastic or thallic development. Conidial types include microconidia, macroconidia, phialospores formed from phialides, porospores through pores, arthrospores via fragmentation, often multicellular, melanized, ornamented favoring airborne dispersal and stress tolerance. No ascospores, basidiospores, zygospores or flagellated zoospores develop due to absence of meiosporangia. Genetic variation arises via parasexual cycle involving heterokaryosis, diploidization and mitotic crossing over plus mutation ensuring adaptability despite lack of meiosis.
Ref: NCERT Class 11 Chapter 2 Fungi; Alexopoulos Introductory Mycology Form-class Deuteromycetes
Conidium defined as asexual external spore not enclosed by sporangial wall or sac, formed via mitosis. Originates exogenously on conidiophore surface via blastic growth from conidiogenous cell, detached at base leaving scar. Zoospore motile but formed inside zoosporangium with wall, sporangiospore clustered within sporangium membrane requiring rupture, ascospore enclosed inside ascus requiring rupture. External position without protective sac allows immediate wind dispersal, characteristic of Aspergillus, Penicillium and dermatophytes. Hence conidium matches description of externally formed spore lacking protective sac, distinguishing it from endogenous spores retaining sporangial envelope surrounding them.
Ref: Campbell Biology 12th ed., Chapter 31: Conidium Definition External; NCERT Class 11 Conidia External Spores; NCBI Conidiogenesis Review
The NCERT text details the reproduction of Ascomycetes by explaining that their asexual spores are known as conidia. A critical distinguishing feature of conidia is that they are produced 'exogenously' (on the outside, rather than enclosed in a sac) at the tips of highly specialized structural hyphae known as conidiophores. Upon dispersal and germination, these conidia quickly develop into a new mycelium.
Ref: NCERT Class 11 Biology > Chapter 2: Biological Classification > 2.3 Kingdom Fungi
