Major concern in commercialization of GM crops is:
Ecological risk assessment of genetically modified crops prioritizes likelihood and consequence of transgene movement into natural populations. Pollen dispersal by wind or pollinators can fertilize compatible wild relatives growing near fields, introducing transgene into weedy gene pool. If trait confers selective advantage such as herbicide tolerance allowing survival in managed landscapes or insect resistance increasing fitness, introgressed individuals may increase frequency. Concerns include loss of genetic diversity, altered ecosystem interactions, and development of weeds difficult to co
Ref: Dale Plant Biotech J 2002 gene flow; Ellstrand Annu Rev Ecol Syst 2003; NCBI NBK131103 biosafety; https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK131103/