Practice question

**Dielectric polarization** when slab inserted, bound charges appear reducing effective field, capacitance increases by factor K, potential difference for constant charge V = Q/C decreases, for constant voltage charge increases. Dielectric constant K = ε/ε₀ >1, e.g., K≈5 for glass. In electrostatic equilibrium, the field just outside a conductor is given by E = (sigma/ε₀) , where sigma is the local surface charge density. This relation arises from Gauss's law applied to a small Gaussian surface at the conductor's surface. The field depends on the charge enclosed per unit area ( sigma ), not the total charge, because the field is determined locally by the