Practice question

**Quantization of charge** states observable charge is integer multiple of elementary charge e = 1.6×10⁻¹⁹ C, q = n·e, and total charge is conserved in isolated systems. Loss of electrons produces positive charge, and number of transferred electrons follows n = q/e, linking macroscopic charge measurement to microscopic carriers. Midpoint distance = 25 cm = 0.25 m. E₁ = 9 × 10⁹ × (6 × 10⁻⁶/(0.25)²) = 8.64 × 10⁵ N/C (towards -3 μC ). E₂ = 9 × 10⁹ × (3 × 10⁻⁶/(0.25)²) = 4.32 × 10⁵ N/C (towards -3 μC ). Net E = 8.64 × 10⁵ + 4.32 × 10⁵ = 1.296