Practice question

After organic monomers accumulated, their organization into self-maintaining systems marks transition to life. Biogeny describes evolution of protobionts, protocells and true prokaryotic cells capable of metabolism, growth and imperfect replication subject to selection. It follows chemogeny and encompasses origin of genetic material, membranes and autotrophy. Unlike purely chemical steps, biogeny involves biological properties like heredity. Hence Biological evolution captures this later phase where molecular evolution becomes Darwinian. This concept integrates genetics, ecology and molecular evidence, frequently tested in NEET, GATE and CSIR-NET, highlighting links between genotype, phenotype and environment.