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Henking discovered the X-chromosome while studying insect spermatogenesis.
Ref: NCERT Class 12 Biology Chapter 4: Principles of Inheritance and Variation Chromosomal Theory Linkage Recombination Gene Mapping
X-chromosome STRs A-B-C are transmitted as haplotypes with limited recombination due to hemizygosity in males and sequential inheritance. In pedigree analysis, deviation from expected maternal transmission indicates crossover between markers. When offspring III-2 and III-4 display new allelic combinations of A-B-C not present in either maternal chromosome, recombination between those loci must have occurred during maternal meiosis I or II. Other individuals retain parental haplotypes unchanged. Detecting such recombination events allows estimation of genetic distance and linkage analysis, demonstrating meiotic exchange on X chromosome during gamete formation in pedigree.
Ref: NCERT Biology Class XII Principles on Klenow fill-in labeling, Lehninger Chapter 9 DNA cloning techniques, and Molecular Cloning by Sambrook Chapter 10 documenting end-labeling of cohesive termini.
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