7 public questions tagged with this topic.
Antibiotic resistance genes act as selectable markers, helping identify bacterial lls that have taken up the recombinant plasmid. This follows from NCERT principle where the relation explains the outcome clearly for students in simple steps.
Ref: NCERT Biology Textbook for Class XI and XII (Zoology section), Chapter: Biology - Zoology portion covering relevant system and function.
Autonomous replication refers to the ability of a plasmid to replicate independently of the host chromosome.
Ref: NCERT Class 12 Biology Chapter 9: Biotechnology: Principles and Processes Bioreactors and Downstream Processing
Plasmids are extra-chromosomal DNA molecules used as vectors to carry and transfer genes in bacteria.
Ref: NCERT Class 12 Biology Chapter 9: Biotechnology: Principles and Processes Bioreactors and Downstream Processing
Autonomous replication allows plasmids to multiply independently of the host chromosome.
Ref: NCERT Class 12 Biology Chapter 9: Biotechnology: Principles and Processes Competent Host and Gene Transfer Methods
Cloning vectors must be able to replicate within a host cell to ensure the propagation of the inserted gene.
Ref: NCERT Class 12 Biology Chapter 9: Biotechnology: Principles and Processes Cloning Vectors - Plasmids Phages Cosmids Selectable Markers Ori
Plasmids are small circular DNA molecules present outside the genomic DNA in many bacteria. They may confer distinctive phenotypic characters, such as resistance to antibiotics.
Ref: NCERT Class 11 Biology Chapter 8: Cell: The Unit of Life Prokaryotic Cell - Structure and Components
Cells containing F' plasmid bear normal haploid chromosome plus extra copy of genes carried on F', creating merodiploid – partial diploid state where those loci are duplicated while rest genome haploid. Term mero means partial, applied by Jacob and Wollman. Merodiploids allow complementation and dominance tests for chromosomal alleles without constructing true diploids impossible in bacteria. For example F' lac+ / lac- mero expresses beta-galactosidase, showing lac+ dominant. Unstable segregation can lose F', reverting to haploid, useful for allelic exchange analysis.
Ref: Hartl & Jones, Genetics, 8th ed., Chapter 6: Merodiploidy and F Prime Genetics; NCBI Bookshelf
