5 public questions tagged with this topic.
In [Ni(en)2]2+, Ni is +2, with 2 bidentate en ligands.
Ref: NCERT Class 12 Chemistry > Chapter 5: Coordination Compounds > Topic: Crystal Field Theory - CFT and Crystal Field Splitting and CFSE
For d4 high spin: t2g3 eg1, 4 unpaired. Mn₃+ fits.
Ref: NCERT Class 12 Chemistry > Chapter 5: Coordination Compounds > Topic: Crystal Field Theory - CFT and Crystal Field Splitting and CFSE
[Co(H₂O)6]2+ (Co₂+, d7) with weak field H₂O in an octahedral field is high spin (t2g5 eg2).
Ref: NCERT Class 12 Chemistry > Chapter 5: Coordination Compounds > Topic: Crystal Field Theory - CFT and Crystal Field Splitting and CFSE
In [Cu(NH₃)4]²⁺ , each NH₃ donates a lone pair from nitrogen to Cu²⁺ , forming coordinate bonds.
Ref: NCERT Class 11 Chemistry > Chapter 4: Chemical Bonding and Molecular Structure > Topic: VSEPR Theory and Shapes of Molecules
DNA synthesis proceeds via nucleophilic attack of primer 3' hydroxyl on alpha-phosphate of incoming dNTP. Two Mg2+ ions, coordinated by conserved aspartate residues in polymerase active site, orchestrate catalysis. One ion activates 3'OH lowering pKa for attack, the other stabilizes pentacovalent transition state and facilitates pyrophosphate departure. Without Mg2+, phosphodiester bond formation stalls entirely. This two-metal mechanism explains why chelators like EDTA inhibit polymerization, why Ca2+ fails to substitute effectively, and why high fidelity polymerases absolutely require magnesium for both polymerase and exonuclease activities.
Ref: Alberts et al., Molecular Biology of the Cell, 7th ed., Chapter 5: DNA Replication Mechanisms, Two-metal-ion catalysis
