Practice question

**Specific heat capacity** c = Q/(m ΔT) (J/kg·K), molar C = Q/(n ΔT), heat required to raise temperature, Q = m c ΔT, for water c=4186 J/kg·K, latent heat L = Q/m for phase change at constant temperature, fusion L_f and vaporization L_v, Q = m L, e.g., ice melting L_f=3.34×10⁵ J/kg, water vaporization 2.26×10⁶ J/kg. Isochoric: (P₁)/(T₁) = (P₂)/(T₂) . P₁ = 3 atm , T₁ = 25 + 273 = 298 K , T₂ = 75 + 273 = 348 K . (3)/(298) = (P₂)/(348) ⇒ P₂ = (3 × 348)/(298) ≈ 3.5 atm . Using first law ΔU = Q - W,