The ripple in a rectifier output is reduced by using:
A capacitor filter smooths the pulsating DC output by charging during peaks and discharging during troughs, reducing AC ripples to provide a steadier DC voltage.
Ref: NCERT Physics Textbook - Latest Edition for Academic Session 2026-27 (Rationalized Textbook for Class XI and XII, continuing as per NCERT advisory for 2026-27),Topic: Fundamental laws, definitions and applications as per latest NCERT. The section explains governing laws, formulas like μ₀ = 4π.