Practice question

George Beadle and Edward Tatum in 1941 demonstrated gene-enzyme relationship by isolating nutritional mutants in haploid fungus through X-ray mutagenesis and nutritional screening. Exposing wild-type Neurospora to radiation and selecting survivors unable to grow on minimal medium unless supplemented with specific amino acids showed single-gene lesions abolish specific reactions. This established one-gene-one-enzyme hypothesis later refined to one-gene-one-polypeptide, founding biochemical genetics and bridging Mendelian transmission with metabolism. Their pioneering experiments earned 1958 Nobel Prize and transformed genetics into molecular biochemical discipline.