#water hyacinth

Plant Breeding 1

Water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) was introduced to India as:

Water hyacinth Eichhornia crassipes is free-floating perennial from Amazon basin with spongy petioles providing aerenchyma buoyancy and showy lavender flowers borne on spikes, rendering it attractive for ornamental ponds. British colonial botanical gardens introduced it to Bengal circa 1890 as decorative aquatic. Biology favors invasion: stolons produce clonal rosettes doubling biomass within 6 to 18 days under eutrophic conditions, seeds remain viable decades in sediment, and high evapotranspiration depletes water. Absence of coevolved biocontrol agents like Neochetina eichhorniae weevils all

Ref: CABI Invasive Species Compendium Eichhornia; NCERT XII Biology Invasive Alien Species; CSIR Weed review.

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Species Control

Main habitat of Eichhornia crassipes:

“Wetlands” for main habitat of eichhornia crassipes. This relationship follows from the ecological mechanism represented by the terms in the item, not merely from an association between their names. Effective control reduces propagule pressure or population growth without causing unacceptable non-target effects. Repeated monitoring is necessary because seed banks, dormant stages, recolonization, and density-dependent compensation can reverse short-term gains. The remaining alternatives—“Arid areas”, “Tropical forests”, “Mountain regions”—refer to different states, processes, or scales and ther

Ref: Ecology: From Individuals to Ecosystems, Begon et al., 5th Ed., Ch. 21

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Species Control

Preferred habitat for Eichhornia crassipes is:

“Wetlands” for preferred habitat for eichhornia crassipes is. This relationship follows from the ecological mechanism represented by the terms in the item, not merely from an association between their names. Effective control reduces propagule pressure or population growth without causing unacceptable non-target effects. Repeated monitoring is necessary because seed banks, dormant stages, recolonization, and density-dependent compensation can reverse short-term gains. The remaining alternatives—“Arid habitats”, “Tropical forests”, “Mountain regions”—refer to different states, processes, or sca

Ref: Ecology: From Individuals to Ecosystems, Begon et al., 5th Ed., Ch. 21

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Types of Species

Eichhornia crassipes is particularly problematic because it:

“Reduces oxygen in water bodies” for eichhornia crassipes is particularly problematic because it. This relationship follows from the ecological mechanism represented by the terms in the item, not merely from an association between their names. The inference is strongest when the relevant variables, spatial boundary, and time scale are explicit. Context can alter the magnitude of an effect without changing the definition of the focal concept. The remaining alternatives—“Grows slowly”, “Is allelopathic”, “Is native to Asia”—refer to different states, processes, or scales and therefore do not exp

Ref: NCERT Biology Class 12, Ch. 15 Biodiversity and Conservation

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