Learn how molecular shapes are determined using VSEPR theory. This category explains how electron pairs around a central atom influence the 3D geometry of molecules.
In BrF₃ , bromine is sp³d hybridized with 5 electron pairs (3 bonding, 2 lone), resulting in a T-shaped molecular geometry.
Ref: NCERT Class 11 Chemistry > Chapter 4: Chemical Bonding and Molecular Structure > Topic: VSEPR Theory and Shapes of Molecules
In [Cu(NH₃)4]²⁺ , each NH₃ donates a lone pair from nitrogen to Cu²⁺ , forming coordinate bonds.
Ref: NCERT Class 11 Chemistry > Chapter 4: Chemical Bonding and Molecular Structure > Topic: VSEPR Theory and Shapes of Molecules
In SiCl₄ , silicon is sp³ hybridized with no lone pairs, resulting in a tetrahedral shape with a bond angle of 109.5°.
Ref: NCERT Class 11 Chemistry > Chapter 4: Chemical Bonding and Molecular Structure > Topic: VSEPR Theory and Shapes of Molecules
Sodium (Na) in Group 1 has [Ne] 3s¹ . Losing 1 electron forms Na⁺ with [Ne] , a noble gas configuration.
Ref: NCERT Class 11 Chemistry > Chapter 4: Chemical Bonding and Molecular Structure > Topic: VSEPR Theory and Shapes of Molecules
In AsF₃ , arsenic is sp³ hybridized with 4 electron pairs (3 bonding, 1 lone), resulting in a trigonal pyramidal shape.
Ref: NCERT Class 11 Chemistry > Chapter 4: Chemical Bonding and Molecular Structure > Topic: VSEPR Theory and Shapes of Molecules
sp² hybridization involves 3 hybrid orbitals, leading to a trigonal planar geometry, as in BCl₃ .
Ref: NCERT Class 11 Chemistry > Chapter 4: Chemical Bonding and Molecular Structure > Topic: VSEPR Theory and Shapes of Molecules
In BrF₃ , bromine is sp³d hybridized with 5 electron pairs (3 bonding, 2 lone), forming a T-shaped geometry with ~87° bond angles.
Ref: NCERT Class 11 Chemistry > Chapter 4: Chemical Bonding and Molecular Structure > Topic: VSEPR Theory and Shapes of Molecules
In AsF₅ , arsenic is sp³d hybridized with 5 bonding pairs and no lone pairs, resulting in a trigonal bipyramidal shape.
Ref: NCERT Class 11 Chemistry > Chapter 4: Chemical Bonding and Molecular Structure > Topic: VSEPR Theory and Shapes of Molecules
In SF₄ , sulfur is sp³d hybridized with 5 electron pairs (4 bonding, 1 lone), resulting in a see-saw shape.
Ref: NCERT Class 11 Chemistry > Chapter 4: Chemical Bonding and Molecular Structure > Topic: VSEPR Theory and Shapes of Molecules
In NF₃ , nitrogen has four electron pairs (three bonding, one lone), giving tetrahedral electron geometry, but the lone pair results in a trigonal pyramidal shape.
Ref: NCERT Class 11 Chemistry > Chapter 4: Chemical Bonding and Molecular Structure > Topic: VSEPR Theory and Shapes of Molecules
In AsF₅ , arsenic has 5 bonding pairs and no lone pairs, requiring sp³d hybridization, forming a trigonal bipyramidal shape.
Ref: NCERT Class 11 Chemistry > Chapter 4: Chemical Bonding and Molecular Structure > Topic: VSEPR Theory and Shapes of Molecules
In CH₃-C#CH : 1 C#C (1 sigma, 2 pi), 2 C-C sigma, 4 C-H sigma. Total = 7 sigma, 2 pi = 9 bonds.
Ref: NCERT Class 11 Chemistry > Chapter 4: Chemical Bonding and Molecular Structure > Topic: VSEPR Theory and Shapes of Molecules
