This category covers key threats to biodiversity, including alien species invasion, co-extinction, and mass extinction, and their roles in the 'Evil Quartet' framework.
Tropical rainforests exhibit the highest biodiversity because of their stable climate and high solar energy availability.
Ref: NCERT Class 12 Biology Chapter 13: Biodiversity and Conservation Loss of Biodiversity - Alien Invasion Co-extinction Mass Extinction - Evil Quartet
Robert Costanza and colleagues estimated the value of ecosystem services to be about US $33 trillion per year, nearly twice the global gross national product at that time.
Ref: NCERT Class 12 Biology Chapter 13: Biodiversity and Conservation Loss of Biodiversity - Alien Invasion Co-extinction Mass Extinction - Evil Quartet
Ecosystem services include pollination, soil formation, nutrient cycling, climate regulation, and water purification.
Ref: NCERT Class 12 Biology Chapter 13: Biodiversity and Conservation Loss of Biodiversity - Alien Invasion Co-extinction Mass Extinction - Evil Quartet
The IUCN Red List categorizes species according to their risk of extinction and serves as an important conservation tool.
Ref: NCERT Class 12 Biology Chapter 13: Biodiversity and Conservation Loss of Biodiversity - Alien Invasion Co-extinction Mass Extinction - Evil Quartet
Co-extinction occurs when the extinction of one species results in the extinction of another species that depends on it.
Ref: NCERT Class 12 Biology Chapter 13: Biodiversity and Conservation Loss of Biodiversity - Alien Invasion Co-extinction Mass Extinction - Evil Quartet
Endemic species are restricted to a particular geographical region and are not naturally found elsewhere.
Ref: NCERT Class 12 Biology Chapter 13: Biodiversity and Conservation Loss of Biodiversity - Alien Invasion Co-extinction Mass Extinction - Evil Quartet
Co-extinction occurs when the extinction of one species causes the extinction of another species that depends on it, such as a plant and its pollinator or a host and its parasite.
Ref: NCERT Class 12 Biology Chapter 13: Biodiversity and Conservation Loss of Biodiversity - Alien Invasion Co-extinction Mass Extinction - Evil Quartet
Alien invasive species may outcompete native species, alter habitats, and contribute to biodiversity loss.
Ref: NCERT Class 12 Biology Chapter 13: Biodiversity and Conservation Loss of Biodiversity - Alien Invasion Co-extinction Mass Extinction - Evil Quartet
Ecosystem diversity is one of the three levels of biodiversity and refers to the variety of habitats and ecosystems present in a region.
Ref: NCERT Class 12 Biology Chapter 13: Biodiversity and Conservation Loss of Biodiversity - Alien Invasion Co-extinction Mass Extinction - Evil Quartet
Coral reefs are among the most species-rich ecosystems and are often referred to as the "rainforests of the sea."
Ref: NCERT Class 12 Biology Chapter 13: Biodiversity and Conservation Loss of Biodiversity - Alien Invasion Co-extinction Mass Extinction - Evil Quartet
Alien species invasions are one of the major causes of biodiversity loss. They often reduce biodiversity by displacing native species.
Ref: NCERT Class 12 Biology Chapter 13: Biodiversity and Conservation Loss of Biodiversity - Alien Invasion Co-extinction Mass Extinction - Evil Quartet
Co-extinction occurs when the extinction of one species leads to the extinction of another species that is closely associated with it, such as a host and its parasite or a plant and its pollinator.
Ref: NCERT Class 12 Biology Chapter 13: Biodiversity and Conservation Loss of Biodiversity - Alien Invasion Co-extinction Mass Extinction - Evil Quartet
