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Mimicry occurs when an organism resembles another object or species to avoid predation, as in the case of a moth resembling a dead leaf.
Ref: NCERT Class 12 Biology Chapter 11: Organisms and Populations Population Interactions - Predation and Herbivory
Altruistic behavior benefits others at the expense of the individual, such as worker bees sacrificing their ability to reproduce to help the queen.
Ref: NCERT Class 12 Biology Chapter 11: Organisms and Populations Population Growth - Exponential and Logistic Models
Predators use adaptations like sharp claws and teeth to catch and consume prey efficiently.
Ref: NCERT Class 12 Biology Chapter 11: Organisms and Populations Adaptations - Morphological Physiological Behavioural
Cryptobiosis denotes reversible ametabolic dormant state where measurable metabolism becomes undetectably low, enabling survival of desiccation, freezing, anoxia, osmotic stress, vacuum and radiation. Tardigrades exemplify anhydrobiosis forming tun by retracting legs and head, expelling over 95% body water, replacing with protective trehalose and tardigrade-specific intrinsically disordered proteins that vitrify cytoplasm into glass. Metabolism falls to 0.01% normal, allowing survival decades even in space vacuum. Upon rehydration efficient DNA repair restores activity. While rotifers, nematod
Ref: Brusca & Brusca, Chapter 21: Tardigrada cryptobiosis and tun; NCBI Extremotolerance review
“Cryptophytes” for which plant growth form survives unfavorable conditions below ground. This relationship follows from the ecological mechanism represented by the terms in the item, not merely from an association between their names. Interpretation must distinguish absolute population change from a per-capita rate and must state the time interval and population boundary. Age structure, dispersal, environmental variation, and delayed responses can all make observed trajectories depart from a simple model. The remaining alternatives—“Phanerophytes”, “Chamaephytes”, “Therophytes”—refer to differ
Ref: Campbell Biology, Urry et al., 12th Ed., Ch. 52
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