Which sterol serves as a precursor for steroid hormone synthesis?
Mammalian steroid hormone biosynthesis strictly begins cholesterol carbon skeleton source fundamental endocrine biochemistry regulation stress reproduction. Cholesterol imported via LDL receptor mediated endocytosis clathrin dependent or synthesized de novo via HMGCoA reductase in ER transferred mitochondria by steroidogenic acute regulatory protein StAR forming contact sites outer inner membrane requiring TSPO. Inner membrane P450 side chain cleavage CYP11A1 encoded fifteen q24 catalyzes three hydroxylations sequential oxygen NADPH adrenodoxin consuming producing twenty two R hydroxyl twenty
Ref: Payne AH & Hales DB, Endocrine Reviews 2004, Cholesterol as precursor pregnenolone steroid hormones biosynthesis.