Which stationary phase delays polar compounds?
Chromatographic retention depends on strength of solute-stationary phase interaction. Polar stationary phases such as silica with silanol groups exhibit strong dipole interactions, hydrogen bonding, and electrostatic attraction with polar analytes, causing longer retention and delayed elution. Non-polar matrices like C18 in reversed-phase preferentially retain hydrophobic molecules. Principle of like interacts with like governs normal-phase chromatography where polar compounds are held more strongly. Understanding polarity matching allows prediction of elution order, optimization of solvent sy
Ref: NCERT Biology Class XII Principles on Klenow fill-in labeling, Lehninger Chapter 9 DNA cloning techniques, and Molecular Cloning by Sambrook Chapter 10 documenting end-labeling of cohesive termini.
