Mark-recapture technique assumes:
“Both a and c are correct” for mark-recapture technique assumes. This relationship follows from the ecological mechanism represented by the terms in the item, not merely from an association between their names. Mechanistic support comes from showing how resource limitation, enemies, mate availability, or physiological stress changes demographic performance. A descriptive association alone does not establish regulation or causation. The remaining alternatives—“No new births or deaths occur”, “Marks affect individual survival”, “Population is closed”—refer to different states, processes, or scal
Ref: Campbell Biology, Urry et al., 12th Ed., Unit 8 Ecology
