A population with low pre-reproductive individuals and wide post-reproductive base shows:
“Declining” for a population with low pre-reproductive individuals and wide post-reproductive base shows. This relationship follows from the ecological mechanism represented by the terms in the item, not merely from an association between their names. Selection favors the schedule that increases lifetime reproductive success under local mortality and resource conditions. Body size, development time, fecundity, parental investment, and generation length consequently tend to covary. The remaining alternatives—“Expanding”, “Stable”, “Constant”—refer to different states, processes, or scales and t
Ref: Ecology: Concepts and Applications, Molles, 9th Ed., Ch. 10
