9 public questions tagged with this topic.
Basidiomycetes include plant parasites like Puccinia (rust fungi) and Ustilago (smut fungi). This follows from NCERT principle where the relation explains the outcome clearly for students in simple steps.
Ref: NCERT Biology Textbook for Class XI and XII (Botany section), Chapter: Morphology and Anatomy of Flowering Plants, Topic: Plant structure and tissue systems.
Trichoderma is a fungus that acts as a biocontrol agent against soil-borne fungal pathogens. This follows from latest NCERT 2026-27 principle explaining the concept clearly for NEET students in simple steps as per rationalized syllabus.
Ref: NCERT Biology Textbook - Latest Edition for Academic Session 2026-27 (Botany section, Rationalized Textbook for Class XI and XII), Chapter: Biology - Botany portion (Latest NCERT Textbooks for Academic Session 2026-27 -
Tobacco plants were genetically modified using RNA interference to combat nematode infection. This follows from latest NCERT 2026-27 principle explaining the concept clearly for NEET students in simple steps as per rationalized syllabus.
Ref: NCERT Biology Textbook - Latest Edition for Academic Session 2026-27 (Zoology section, Rationalized Textbook for Class XI and XII), Chapter: Biology - Zoology portion (Latest NCERT Textbooks for Academic Session 2026-27 - Rationalized Edition for Class XI and XII), Topic: Structural organization, ph
Cry proteins produced by Bacillus thuringiensis form crystals that are toxic to insect pests. This follows from NCERT principle where the relation explains the outcome clearly for students in simple steps.
Ref: NCERT Biology Textbook for Class XI and XII (Zoology section), Chapter: Biology - Zoology portion covering relevant system and function.
Historical evidence documents inadvertent pathogen establishment via planting material. Coffee rust caused by Hemileia vastatrix, basidiomycete producing orange urediniospores on lower leaf surface causing chlorosis and premature defoliation, originated in Sri Lanka then Ceylon and entered India in 1876 through infected seedlings imported for plantation expansion. Epidemic destroyed Arabica areas in Western Ghats, forcing shift to robusta Coffea canephora which carries resistance SH genes. Similar introductions: late blight Phytophthora infestans through Europe, bunchy top virus of banana via
Ref: Indian Coffee Board history rust introduction; NCERT Plant Disease introduction case; Singh BD Disease introduction chapter.
Meristem culture is used to recover virus-free plants from diseased plants.
Ref: NCERT Class 12 Biology Chapter 10: Biotechnology and its Applications Biosafety and Overview of Applications
The infectious agent is a viroid. Viroids consist of free RNA of low molecular weight and lack the protein coat found in viruses. T. O. Diener discovered them while studying potato spindle tuber disease.
Ref: NCERT Class 11 Biology Chapter 2: Biological Classification Viruses Viroids Prions and Lichens
The agent is a viroid. T. O. Diener discovered it while studying potato spindle tuber disease. Viroids consist of free RNA of low molecular weight and lack the protein coat found in viruses.
Ref: NCERT Class 11 Biology Chapter 2: Biological Classification Viruses Viroids Prions and Lichens
Random amplified polymorphic DNA offers rapid, inexpensive screening without requirement for sequence information, radioactive probes or sophisticated instrumentation. Using a single short random primer in a standard PCR, numerous loci are amplified simultaneously, producing easily scorable fingerprints on agarose gels within hours. For preliminary disease resistance screening such as Tobacco mosaic virus, quick identification of linked fragments is advantageous. RFLP and AFLP involve laborious digestion, blotting and selective amplification steps, while EST-SSR development requires transcript
Ref: NCERT Biology Class XII Principles on Klenow fill-in labeling, Lehninger Chapter 9 DNA cloning techniques, and Molecular Cloning by Sambrook Chapter 10 documenting end-labeling of cohesive termini.
