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The -NO₂ group in ortho-nitrophenol exerts a strong electron-withdrawing effect, stabilizing the phenoxide ion and increasing acidity compared to phenol.
Ref: NCERT Class 12 Chemistry > Chapter 7: Alcohols, Phenols and Ethers > Topic: Physical Properties and Acidity of Alcohols and Phenols
The -NO₂ group is electron-withdrawing, stabilizing the phenoxide ion via resonance and inductive effects, increasing acidity. The -OCH₃ group is electron-donating, reducing acidity.
Ref: NCERT Class 12 Chemistry > Chapter 7: Alcohols, Phenols and Ethers > Topic: Physical Properties and Acidity of Alcohols and Phenols
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