Food vacuole formation occurs by
Food vacuole biogenesis in holozoic protists occurs through phagocytosis, a receptor-mediated active engulfment of particulate matter requiring cytoskeletal remodeling. Plasma membrane extends pseudopodia around prey, forming phagocytic cup, then internalizes phagosome which fuses with primary lysosomes containing acid hydrolases. Resultant secondary phagolysosome facilitates intracellular digestion producing nutrients. Pinocytosis involves liquid droplets, diffusion and osmosis are passive molecular transports incapable of capturing bacteria or algae. Hence bulk solid ingestion strictly requi
Ref: NCERT Class 11 Biology Chapter 2: Protista Nutrition; Campbell Biology 12th ed., Chapter 7 - Endocytosis and Phagocytosis
