#EMT

Limb Development -ll

Which of the following correctly describes epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in limb formation?

Limb bud emergence requires localized epithelial-mesenchymal transition of lateral plate mesoderm orchestrated by T-box transcription factors and FGF signaling. Under influence of TBX4 in hindlimb field and TBX5 in forelimb field, coordinated with Pitx1 and Islet1 and FGF10 signaling, lateral plate epithelial cells downregulate apicobasal polarity components like ZO1, induce Snail-mediated EMT, increase proliferation and accumulate to form protruding bud mesenchyme. This transition is not SHH controlled nor solely mesoderm-to-ectoderm signaling but autonomous mesodermal change, and occurs at i

Ref: Gilbert, Developmental Biology, 12th ed., Chapter 20: EMT in limb bud formation via TBX5/TBX4.

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Limb Development -ll

Which transcription factor regulates EMT during limb bud formation?

Epithelial-mesenchymal transition enabling lateral plate accumulation into limb bud is regulated by TBX5 and Islet1 cofactor complexes forming transcriptional hubs. These T-box factors repress epithelial E-cadherin and tight junction programs, induce Snail Slug to permit delamination, increased motility and aggregation of limb field progenitors into protruding bud with elevated FGF10. Wnt3a signals via beta-catenin to induce AER but not direct EMT execution, Islet1 cooperates via Ldb1 rather than sole driver, SHH acts later in patterning. TBX5 therefore functions not only in specification but

Ref: Gilbert, Developmental Biology, 12th ed., Chapter 20: TBX5 regulates EMT during limb bud formation.

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Cancer

Mesenchymal markers upregulated during EMT include

Vimentin, is consistent with established principles of cell signaling, receptor pharmacology and cellular regulation. Experimental measurements of binding parameters, genetic loss-of-function studies and pharmacological interventions all converge on the same interpretation. Related options address neighboring concepts but do not satisfy the precise criterion stated in the question.

Ref: NCERT Biology Class 11–12 Alberts et al Molecular Biology of the Cell Lodish et al, Molecular Cell Biology Cooper & Hausman, The Cell Abbas et al., Cellular and Molecular Immunology (for immunology sections)

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Cancer

Suppression of E-cadherin expression during EMT is mainly mediated by

Snail family transcription factors, is consistent with established principles of cell signaling, receptor pharmacology and cellular regulation. Experimental measurements of binding parameters, genetic loss-of-function studies and pharmacological interventions all converge on the same interpretation. Related options address neighboring concepts but do not satisfy the precise criterion stated in the question.

Ref: NCERT Biology Class 11–12 Alberts et al Molecular Biology of the Cell Lodish et al, Molecular Cell Biology Cooper & Hausman, The Cell Abbas et al., Cellular and Molecular Immunology (for immunology sections)

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Cancer

EMT promotes metastasis mainly by

Enhancing migratory and invasive properties, is consistent with established principles of cell signaling, receptor pharmacology and cellular regulation. Experimental measurements of binding parameters, genetic loss-of-function studies and pharmacological interventions all converge on the same interpretation. Related options address neighboring concepts but do not satisfy the precise criterion stated in the question.

Ref: NCERT Biology Class 11–12 Alberts et al Molecular Biology of the Cell Lodish et al, Molecular Cell Biology Cooper & Hausman, The Cell Abbas et al., Cellular and Molecular Immunology (for immunology sections)

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Cancer

Key transcription factors that drive EMT include

Snail and Twist, is consistent with established principles of cell signaling, receptor pharmacology and cellular regulation. Experimental measurements of binding parameters, genetic loss-of-function studies and pharmacological interventions all converge on the same interpretation. Related options address neighboring concepts but do not satisfy the precise criterion stated in the question.

Ref: NCERT Biology Class 11–12 Alberts et al Molecular Biology of the Cell Lodish et al, Molecular Cell Biology Cooper & Hausman, The Cell Abbas et al., Cellular and Molecular Immunology (for immunology sections)

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Cancer

Epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) is characterized by

Loss of cell–cell adhesion, is consistent with established principles of cell signaling, receptor pharmacology and cellular regulation. Experimental measurements of binding parameters, genetic loss-of-function studies and pharmacological interventions all converge on the same interpretation. Related options address neighboring concepts but do not satisfy the precise criterion stated in the question.

Ref: NCERT Biology Class 11–12 Alberts et al Molecular Biology of the Cell Lodish et al, Molecular Cell Biology Cooper & Hausman, The Cell Abbas et al., Cellular and Molecular Immunology (for immunology sections)

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Cancer

Epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) is associated with

Increased invasion and metastasis, is consistent with established principles of cell signaling, receptor pharmacology and cellular regulation. Experimental measurements of binding parameters, genetic loss-of-function studies and pharmacological interventions all converge on the same interpretation. Related options address neighboring concepts but do not satisfy the precise criterion stated in the question.

Ref: NCERT Biology Class 11–12 Alberts et al Molecular Biology of the Cell Lodish et al, Molecular Cell Biology Cooper & Hausman, The Cell Abbas et al., Cellular and Molecular Immunology (for immunology sections)

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Cell Communication and Cell Adhesion

Switch from E-cadherin to N-cadherin expression is associated with

Epithelial–mesenchymal transition, is consistent with established principles of cell signaling, receptor pharmacology and cellular regulation. Experimental measurements of binding parameters, genetic loss-of-function studies and pharmacological interventions all converge on the same interpretation. Related options address neighboring concepts but do not satisfy the precise criterion stated in the question.

Ref: NCERT Biology Class 11–12 Alberts et al Molecular Biology of the Cell Lodish et al, Molecular Cell Biology Cooper & Hausman, The Cell Abbas et al., Cellular and Molecular Immunology (for immunology sections)

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