6 public questions tagged with this topic.
The availability of sunlight is a primary factor affecting the rate of photosynthesis and, consequently, primary productivity.
Ref: NCERT Class 12 Biology Chapter 12: Ecosystem Productivity - Primary Secondary GPP NPP
Primary productivity is affected by sunlight, nutrient availability, and temperature, but decomposer activity mainly influences decomposition.
Ref: NCERT Class 12 Biology Chapter 12: Ecosystem Productivity - Primary Secondary GPP NPP
Resource partitioning allows species to utilize different parts of a resource, reducing direct competition.
Ref: NCERT Class 12 Biology Chapter 11: Organisms and Populations Population Interactions - Competition - Competitive Exclusion
Carrying capacity is determined by multiple factors, including food availability, climate, and predation pressure.
Ref: NCERT Class 12 Biology Chapter 11: Organisms and Populations Population Interactions - Predation and Herbivory
The keyed exception is “Predators.” In the context of does not influence primary productivity in bottom-up control, that statement differs from the governing ecological pattern and must be evaluated against the mechanism rather than accepted from wording alone. The relevant inference should follow the pathway from resource supply to organismal uptake and then to ecosystem-level flux. Productivity, trophic transfer, decomposition, and nutrient regeneration are connected, but each measures a different part of that pathway. The remaining alternatives—“Nutrients”, “Light”, “Water”—refer to differe
Ref: Fundamentals of Ecology, Odum & Barrett, 5th Ed., Ch. 4
A biocenosis, or biotic community, is the assemblage of interacting living organisms occupying a biotope. It can be partitioned by organismal group into phytocenosis for plants, zoocenosis for animals, and mycocenosis for fungi; microbiocenosis is another common subdivision. “Hydrocenosis” instead denotes a community associated with an aquatic habitat, so it is a habitat-based community rather than a taxonomic component parallel to plants, animals, and fungi. Under that intended classification, it is the item that does not belong in the list of component groups. The wording remains nonstandard
Ref: Ecology: From Individuals to Ecosystems, Begon et al., 5th Ed., Ch. 17
