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#detection methods

2 public questions tagged with this topic.

Which of the following is a common method to detect ultraviolet rays?

**Gamma rays** λ10¹⁹ Hz, produced by nuclear transitions and radioactive decay, associated with nuclear processes because nuclear energy levels MeV vs atomic eV, highest photon energy, used in cancer treatment due to high penetration and cell damage, also sterilization, astronomy. The document mentions that ultraviolet rays can be detected using photocells and photographic film. Using c = fλ, E₀/B₀ = c, I_d = ε₀ dΦ_E/dt, and spectrum classification λ = c/f, evaluation yields Photocells, illustrating EM wave transverse nature and Maxwell's displacement current concept.

Ref: NCERT > Physics Book > Electromagnetic Waves > Ultraviolet, X-rays, Gamma Rays and Their Properties

Why is GFP unique in detection?

Green fluorescent protein isolated from jellyfish Aequorea victoria contains intrinsic chromophore formed autocatalytically from tripeptide Ser-Tyr-Gly cyclization and oxidation within beta-barrel structure. No external cofactor, substrate or enzymatic activation is required beyond molecular oxygen for maturation. Once folded, it absorbs blue light near 395 nm and emits green photons near 509 nm. This self-contained fluorescence distinguishes it from luciferase which needs luciferin and ATP or peroxidase requiring luminol. Consequently GFP can be expressed as genetic fusion tag enabling live c

Ref: NCERT Biology Class XII Principles on Klenow fill-in labeling, Lehninger Chapter 9 DNA cloning techniques, and Molecular Cloning by Sambrook Chapter 10 documenting end-labeling of cohesive termini.