The senescence phase in cell culture corresponds to:
Senescence phase in cell culture corresponds to death or decline phase of growth curve where proliferative capacity permanently lost and net cell number decreases. Replicative senescence triggered by telomere attrition beyond critical threshold leads to uncapped chromosome ends recognized as DNA double-strand breaks activating ATM and ATR kinases that stabilize p53 and induce cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors p21CIP1 and p16INK4a causing irreversible G1 arrest. Morphology changes to enlarged flattened cells with increased granularity, vacuolation, positive senescence-associated beta-galactosi
Ref: Hayflick L Exp Cell Res 1961 senescence death phase; Campisi J Cell 2005 Senescence SASP and p16 p53 pathways.
