Which sampling method assumes closed population?
The simplest two-sample Lincoln–Petersen mark–recapture model assumes demographic and geographic closure between sampling occasions. No births, deaths, immigration, or emigration should change the population or alter the proportion of marked individuals. Under closure, the marked fraction after thorough mixing remains interpretable, allowing M/N ≈ R/C and N ≈ MC/R. Quadrat and transect methods sample spatial units and do not inherently require a closed population in the same formal sense, although movement during counting can still create error. Satellite methods track individuals and may expl
Ref: Ecology: Concepts and Applications, Molles, 9th Ed., Ch. 9
