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#TATA box

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Transcription in Eukaryotes

TATA box is usually located at

In canonical Pol II promoters, TATA box is located twenty-five to thirty-five base pairs upstream of transcription start site, typically centered near minus thirty, at precise distance to align polymerase active site with initiator. This spacing is critical because TBP bending orients TFIIB N-terminal ribbon to contact polymerase and to direct opening of DNA downstream. Prokaryotic minus ten Pribnow box functionally analogous to TATA. Promoters lacking TATA utilize downstream promoter element DPE or initiator Inr to recruit TFIID via TAF subunits at alternative positions.

Ref: Lodish et al., Molecular Cell Biology, 9th ed., Chapter 10: TATA box location -30; Berg et al., Biochemistry, Promoter mapping and spacing

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Transcription in Eukaryotes

Universal promoter element in eukaryotes is

The TATAAA consensus, often called TATA box or Goldberg-Hogness box, is the most prominent core promoter element recognized by TBP subunit of TFIID. Despite not present in all promoters, it occurs in many highly regulated genes with focused initiation patterns and is considered universal because analogous AT-rich upstream element appears even in archaeal promoters. High AT content facilitates DNA bending and melting. CAAT box bound by NF-Y and GC box bound by SP1 are common proximal promoter elements but more gene-specific and positioned further upstream.

Ref: Alberts et al., Molecular Biology of the Cell, 7th ed., Chapter 6: Universal promoter element TATA; NCBI Bookshelf, Eukaryotic core promoter motifs

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