What is the physical significance of the gravitational constant G in Newton’s law?
G is the universal gravitational constant, determining the strength of the gravitational force between two masses. It is a fundamental constant that scales the force in F = Gm1m2r2. As per NCERT, applying relevant law/formula with correct units and sign convention leads to It determines the force strength. This satisfies dimensional consistency and physical conditions given, so option B is scientifically correct.
Ref: Halliday & Resnick, Fundamentals of Physics, 11th ed., Chapter 13: Gravitation.