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#dorsal-ventral patterning

2 public questions tagged with this topic.

Which signaling pathway primarily regulates the dorsal-ventral patterning of limbs?

Dorsal-ventral limb patterning determining dorsal nail, hair, and extensor versus ventral pad, sole, and flexor fates is regulated by Wnt7a secreted from dorsal ectoderm. Wnt7a induces LMX1B transcription factor in dorsal mesenchyme imposing dorsal characteristics, while ventral ectoderm expresses Engrailed-1 which represses Wnt7a ventrally permitting ventral identity. Sonic hedgehog governs anterior-posterior axis, BMP promotes ventral ectoderm and interdigital apoptosis, FGF10 initiates budding. Wnt7a knockout transforms dorsal into ventral, yielding double-ventral bi-ventral limbs with footpads dorsally and absent nails. Conserved across chick mouse human models, this mechanism illustrates classic embryological principles integrated with modern molecular genetics.

Ref: Gilbert, Developmental Biology, 12th ed., Chapter 19: Dorsoventral patterning – Wnt7a and Lmx1b dorsal specification.

Which molecule ensures proper dorsal-ventral limb patterning?

Dorsal-ventral organization originates from ectodermal Wnt signals acting through beta-catenin stabilization. Dorsal ectoderm expresses Wnt7a which induces LIM-homeodomain transcription factor Lmx1b in dorsal mesenchyme to execute dorsal developmental program including nails, dorsal dermis, dorsal sesamoids and extensor musculature. Ventral ectoderm expresses Engrailed-1 repressing Wnt7a, permitting BMP-driven ventral fate with thick volar pads and flexor tendons. SHH patterns anterior-posterior, BMP4 regulates apoptosis and chondrogenesis, FGF10 initiates bud outgrowth. Wnt7a therefore ensures proper dorsal-ventral polarity via Lmx1b induction required for asymmetry and skin appendages.

Ref: Gilbert, Developmental Biology, 12th ed., Chapter 20: Wnt7a ensures dorsal-ventral patterning.