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#DNA vaccines

3 public questions tagged with this topic.

Vaccine

DNA vaccines deliver genes in the form of:

DNA vaccines deliver genetic instructions as circular plasmid DNA rather than protein antigen or RNA. Plasmid constructs typically contain bacterial origin pUC, antibiotic resistance for selection during manufacturing, and eukaryotic expression cassette comprising strong promoter cytomegalovirus CMV immediate early with intron A enhancing transcription, codon optimized antigen gene, polyadenylation signal bovine growth hormone BGH or SV40 preventing mRNA degradation. Plasmids produced in Escherichia coli fermentation high copy number, purified supercoiled isoform removing endotoxin via chromat

Ref: Wolff et al. Science 1990 DNA vaccines plasmid; Plotkin DNA vaccines; WHO DNA plasmid.

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Immunological Applications

DNA vaccines work by:

DNA vaccination concept bypasses conventional protein purification manufacturing by delivering genetic blueprint encoding protective antigen allowing host cells to synthesize immunogen in situ mimicking viral infection while noninfectious. Plasmid vector engineered with strong eukaryotic promoter typically human cytomegalovirus immediate early enhancer promoter driving high transcription, chimeric intron improving mRNA stability and export, Kozak consensus GCCACCATGG for efficient translation initiation, antigen coding sequence codon optimized for human usage bias replacing rare codons to incr

Ref: Ulmer et al Science 1993 DNA vaccine CMV promoter MHC I II; NIH Vaccine plasmid CpG TLR9 adjuvant mechanism.

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Immunological Applications

DNA vaccines work by:

DNA vaccines third-generation platform delivering plasmid DNA encoding microbial antigen rather live attenuated organism purified protein circumventing biosafety level concerns anti-vector immunity. Plasmid constructed E. coli DH5 alpha containing bacterial origin ColE1 antibiotic resistance beta-lactamase ampicillin selection strong eukaryotic expression cassette CMV immediate early enhancer promoter high constitutive transcription Pol II chimeric intron A human beta-globin improving mRNA stability splicing removing premature terminator target gene viral spike bacterial protective antigen tum

Ref: Wolff et al Science 1990 DNA Plasmid Expression Landmark; NIH NIAID DNA Vaccine Mechanism Overview Summary; Nature Reviews Immunology DNA Vaccines Principles 2021 Adjuvant.

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