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The heliocentric model (Sun at the center) simplifies planetary motion descriptions compared to the geocentric model (Earth at the center), which required complex epicycles. Kepler’s laws align with heliocentric orbits.
Ref: NCERT Class 11 Physics, Thermal Properties and Gravitation.
In a circular orbit, the gravitational force (GMEmr2) equals the centripetal force (mv2r), providing the inward force needed to maintain circular motion. As per NCERT, applying relevant law/formula with correct units and sign convention leads to It balances the required inward force. This satisfies dimensional consistency and physical conditions given, so option B is scientifically correct.
Ref: Halliday & Resnick, Fundamentals of Physics, 11th ed., Chapter 13: Gravitation.
Escape speed (ve = 2GMR) is the minimum speed where kinetic energy equals the gravitational potential energy’s magnitude, ensuring total energy is zero, allowing escape to infinity. As per NCERT, applying relevant law/formula with correct units and sign convention leads to To balance kinetic and potential energy. This satisfies dimensional consistency and physical conditions given, so option B is scientifically correct.
Ref: Halliday & Resnick, Fundamentals of Physics, 11th ed., Chapter 13: Gravitation.
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